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China Development

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China Development
MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS
    China is on course to achieve most of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by 2015. Already there have been spectacular results in increasing life expectancy, and decreasing illiteracy rates and poverty. The social security system is under reform, expanding from local services in cities and rural areas into a nationwide network.
Girl     China's development model has been called the biggest poverty reduction campaign in the world - according to studies conducted by Qingua University, 75% of people across the world who have been lifted out of poverty in the last two decades live in China.

    One reason is that the country's poverty alleviation policies preceded the Millennium Declaration. Between 1978 and 2003, 220 million Chinese rose above the poverty line. However, this success is undermined by the fact that, in 2003, the absolute number of Chinese living in poverty increased and that this number is very large - about 200 million earn less $1 per day. Furthermore, achievements on poverty are offset by regional unevenness, gender, HIV/AIDS and environmental issues which lag behind in progress and priority.
    For example, the large investment in production and infrastructure has been concentrated on the developed eastern regions of Shanghai, Tianjin, and Guangdong. The majority of poor Chinese live in the underdeveloped western regions of Shaanxi, Guangxi, Sichuan and Gansu. There is also concern that intensification of industrial agriculture in the west is degrading the environment to the point at which yields will no longer sustain poverty-relief policies. Indeed in some areas poverty is increasing once again, not helped by new WTO regulations which mean loss of jobs (China became a member in 2003).

    Regional disparities encourage migration to more developed eastern regions where minority migrant groups are met with resentment and hostility. Nevertheless, these migrant workers are able to return very considerable remittances to the west; for example in 2003 migrant workers in Dongguan sent home 14.24 billion yuan (US$1.71 billion).
China Foundation For Poverty Alleviation
POLITICS
Maozedong  China, the world's oldest continuous surviving civilization, outpaced the world in arts and sciences for centuries but in the 19th and early 20th centuries the country was plagued by civil unrest, major famines, military defeats and foreign occupation. In 1949 the communist party under Mao Zedong came to power, suspended relations with the west and imposed severe social and economic controls – often resulting in great loss of life. Deng Xiaoping succeeded Mao in 1976 and raised the 'bamboo' curtain and decentralised economic decision-making. However, his rule is more remembered for the Tiananmen Square massacre.

    For the Han majority racial diversity is considered a threat to national integrity and relations with China's national minorities have always been tense - most notably with the Uighurs, Tibetans and Hui peoples.
China continues to be a one party state but with two systems: Hong Kong and Macau operate as Special Administrative Regions. Elections in the mainland are held every five years, the most recent was concluded in 2003. All candidates are approved by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the parliament (National People's Congress) appoints the President, currently Mr. Hu Jintao.

    Since 1988 a system of local democracy has been permitted in which village committees are directly elected by the people. Until recently the innovation has been largely successful but, as evidence of social disturbance in rural China increases - often in protest at local corruption over land sales, it is far from certain that village democracy is the stepping stone for wider governance reform.
Dengxiaoping
Hongkong Flag     The emergence of civil society is a product of modern China but there is still a long way to go before it is truly independent of the government. However, the recent broadcast of the Nine Commentaries on the Communist Party (revealing the truth behind the CCP and its brutal methods) originally published by The Epoch Times has triggered a mass exodus from the CCP. More than two million Chinese have already quit the party and the departures continue at a rate of 20,000 a day. Macao Flag
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