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HOW TO
MAKE RESERVATION?
You can make a reservation on Hotel,Airticket & Tour by
E-mail, Fax or Phone. Our office hours: 08:30-18:00(GMT+08:00).
Because of the time difference, it would be better to reserve
by email or message board out of our working hours. Each of
your requests will be respond promptly. You can get our contact
information in our website. Once the tour is confirmed by both
of us, the reservation is made. At the same time, a deposit
is required, and the amount depends on what tour you plan.
The balance you can pay us, upon you arrive Beijing. |
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China
has been a major travel destination of the
world and attract more and more tourists from
all over the world.China will be more important
to the 2lst century. Fascination with Chinese
past, Chinese present, and Chinese future… |
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China History
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| China History |
| QIN (221-206BC) |
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In 221 BC, King Ying Zheng (ying zheng  )
established the first unified empire in Chinese history,
and named himself Shi
Huangdi which means the First Emperor. He unified the Chinese
script, currency and measurement system. His policies were
focused on the exploration and stabilization of the Chinese
frontier. One of his projects to protect his domains included
the renowned Great Wall, which was built on the foundations
of older walls. History remembers Qin Shihuang as a tyrant.
Severe laws and penalties were enacted as a social control
while supreme power lay with the emperor.
Another of the emperor's grandiose projects included the
Terracotta Army. Excavated in Shaanxi Province, this is part
of the emperor's massive mausoleum. Tens of thousands of
conscripts were sent to construct his tomb. The dynasty's
tyrannical reign lasted a mere 16 years. After the emperor's
death widespread rebellions broke out. Eventually a rebel
army led by Liu Bang, a former local official, established
the Han dynasty. |
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HAN (206BC-AD220)
Like the Zhou dynasty, the Han dynasty
is divided into two phrases, the Western Han settled its
capital at Xi'an, while the Eastern Han returned it to
Luoyang in AD 25. The emperor and his chancellors, having
witnessed the sudden collapse of the Qin dynasty, realized
that it wasn't feasible to rule a vast kingdom solely on
a strict legal system. The monarch relaxed the "legalist system"
and allowed the economy, destroyed by war, to recover. Emperor
Wudi, one of the early Han emperors, was both ambitious and talented-his
reign saw many achievements. By his reign, the Han dynasty was
a thriving and powerful empire. One of his most enduring legacies
was promoting Confucianism as the official ideology and applying
it to the bureaucracy. Ministers were selected based on their knowledge
of the Confucian classics, a system that was continued by succeeding
dynasties up until the end of the Qing dynasty. He was also able
to centralize power, thus removing the threat of powerful nobles
rising in rebellion. On the economic side, new trade routes were
established between China and Central Asia. Chinese silk exported
along these routes, which would become know as the Silk Road (sichou
zhilu  ). |
Under the Eastern Han dynasty, power was further centralized,
the economy continued to prosper and cultural achievements
reached a peak –this era is considered one of China's golden
ages. Paper was also invented during this time. Although
samples of paper have been found dating back to the Western
Han, it was during the Eastern Han when improved papermaking
techniques made it practical to manufacture.With the discovery
of paper, the dissemination of information and spread of
learning increasing China's cultural influence.
DISUNION (220-589) |
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From the 2nd to the 6th century, China went through
a period of disunity. The disintegration began with the
displacement of the Eastern Han by three regimes, the Wei,
Shu and Wu. One of China's most famous literary epics,
The Romance of the Three Kingdoms (sanguo yanyi  ),
which was written by Luo Guangzhong during the Ming dynasty,
is a fictionalized account of this period.
Numerous petty kingdoms rose and fell during this time.
Groups of northern "barbarians"made inroads into
China during this time, establishing a series of kingdoms
in the vulnerable north. Eventually the Turgut (tuoba  )
tribe of the Xianbei unified northern China and established
the Northern Wei dynasty.
Xiao Wendi, an emperor of the northern Wei dynasty, carried
out a series of reforms,
basing his kingdom along the Chinese bureaucracy. The Confucian
bureaucracy would prove to be one of China's most durable
institutions-by adopting it, would be rules could gain legitimacy
and claim the "Mandate of Heaven," weather they
were ethnic Chinese or not. This extended period of northern
incursion into Chinese lands saw the intermingling of different
ethnic groups and exchange of knowledge. |
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It was during Han dynasty when Buddhism first came
to China from India. Temples and stupas, the architecture
that people associate with Chinese Buddhism begun to sprout
throughout the land. As a sign of devotion, Buddist cave
carvings were begun in northern China. The ones at Yungang
and Longmen continue to awe and inspire visitors.
There were mass migrations during this period of upheaval.
Some were by those seeking a better future, while others
were forced from their homes. Vast numbers of Han Chinese
journeyed south, expanding the cultural boundaries of China.
They brought new technologies and Han culture as they moved
into the periphery and assimilated or displaced local population. |
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