|
HOW TO
MAKE RESERVATION?
You can make a reservation on Hotel,Airticket & Tour by
E-mail, Fax or Phone. Our office hours: 08:30-18:00(GMT+08:00).
Because of the time difference, it would be better to reserve
by email or message board out of our working hours. Each of
your requests will be respond promptly. You can get our contact
information in our website. Once the tour is confirmed by both
of us, the reservation is made. At the same time, a deposit
is required, and the amount depends on what tour you plan.
The balance you can pay us, upon you arrive Beijing. |
|
|
|
China has
been a major travel destination of the world and
attract more and more tourists from all over the
world.China will be more important to the 2lst
century. Fascination with Chinese past, Chinese
present, and Chinese future… |
|
|
|
China History
|
| China History |
| SONG (960-1279) |
 |
 |
In 960, Zhao Kuangyin, a former
military official, donned the "Dragon Robe," the
symbol of imperial power and established the Northern
Song dynasty. The second Northern Song emperor completed
the reunification of the country when he destroyed the
remaining opposition. The Song emperors, fully aware
that the concentration of power among regional governors
led to the downfall of the Tang dynasty, deliberately
cured the powers of the local officials.
While officials had their powers curb, their numbers
increased and they soon became a severe financial burden
on the state coffers. This led to a financial crisis that
affected the ability of the dynasty to defend itself militarily.
To solve this problem, the scholar bureaucrats of the Song
dynasty launched a series of political reforms. The policies
that were proposed by Fan Zhongyan and Wang Anshi are the
best known, they were wide ranging and, for the era, considered
very liberal. |
One characteristics of the Northern Song dynasty
was its emphasis on academia and its disdain for the military.
The Northern
Song developed a complicated administration prospered.
Due to the inconvenience of coins for such trade, the first
Chinese paper currency, called jiaozi (jiaozi  ),
was developed. Porcelain became a very important export
and commerce flourished. The detailed painting The Riverside
Scene in Pure Brightness (qingming shanhe tu  )
gives an accurate portrait of bustling city life during
this era. |
 |
 |
The Jurchen tribe from northern China eventually defeated
the Northern Song and established the Jin dynasty. The
Song court fled to Hangzhou where they established the
Southern Song dynasty, which only controlled south China.
The regime was run by a powerful coterie of chancellors
that was befit with political infighting. This weakened
the dynasty until it was finally overtaken by powerful
Mongols from the north.
Throughout the 300-year reign of the Song, northern
minorities had been a constant threat to its borders. The
court was continuously at war or negotiating treaties with
these northern groups to secure the Song frontier. |
| The Song dynasty saw its share of technological
breakthroughs. A printer named Bi Sheng invented a method
for movable type printing, which made printing far more
convenient and accessible. A crude compass, which was first
used during the Warring States period, saw continuous development
and by the Northern Song would become the predecessor to
the modern compass. |
| YUAN (1206-1368) |
 |
 |
At the beginning of 13th
century, Genghis Khan(Chengjisi han  ),
Tie muzhen (Tiemuzhen  )
in Chinese, united the feuding Mongolian tribes and created
the world's most formidable war machine. Sweeping across
Eastern Europe and Asia, he created the largest empire
the world has even seen. Kublai Khan (hubilie 忽必烈), Genghis'
grandson, established the Yuan dynasty after sweeping away
the Jin dynasty in the China's north and remnants of the
Song to the south. Adopting the Chinese bureaucracy, Kublai
Khan officially established the Yuan dynasty in 1271. The
Mongolians treated the Han Chinese harshly and rebellions
broke out when the dynasty saw the first signs of weakening. |
| The rule of Yuan dynasty, though
harsh, did see significant cultural exchanges due to
the large size of their territory. The Yuan rulers were
known to readily accept new ideas and foreign experts
if they could benefit their empire, regardless of whether
those experts wanted to volunteer their services or not.
Extensive trade routs were established, it was during
the Yuan dynasty when Marco Polo supposedly visited China. |
 |
|
|
| www.cctsbeijing.com
- China Circulation Tours Back |
|
|
You Are Here : Home /
China_Guide / China_Brief / China_History_Page5 / 6 / 7 / 8 / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 
