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HOW TO
MAKE RESERVATION?
You can make a reservation on Hotel,Airticket & Tour by
E-mail, Fax or Phone. Our office hours: 08:30-18:00(GMT+08:00).
Because of the time difference, it would be better to reserve
by email or message board out of our working hours. Each of
your requests will be respond promptly. You can get our contact
information in our website. Once the tour is confirmed by both
of us, the reservation is made. At the same time, a deposit
is required, and the amount depends on what tour you plan.
The balance you can pay us, upon you arrive Beijing. |
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China has been
a major travel destination of the world and attract
more and more tourists from all over the world.China
will be more important to the 2lst century. Fascination
with Chinese past, Chinese present, and Chinese future… |
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China History
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| China History |
| Ming (1368-1644) |
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Zhu Yuanzhang, originally a poor peasant, founded
the Ming dynasty after the fall of the turbulent Yuan dynasty.
He established a standardized bureaucracy with a strong
central authority. His rule was autocratic, heavily censoring
his scholars and limiting cultural freedom. Culture enjoyed
a liberal revival when the Yongle emperor ascended the
Dragon Throne. The Yongle Canon(yongle dadian  )，a
massive encyclopedia, was compiled during his reign. To
reinforce the frontier defenses in the north, he moved
his capital from Nanjing to Beijing, which was also his
powerbase. His reign saw the Ming's greatest expansion-Zheng
He's voyages to Southeast Asia, India and Africa were made
during this time.
Trade thrived under the Ming, overseas trade expanded
and merchants began to
form local trade groups-Anhui merchants in the south and
Shanxi merchants in the north. During the later Ming, methods
of production akin to those of an early capitalist society
emerged, particularly in the production of handicrafts and
as new maritime trade routs were established, European nations
increasingly sought trade opportunities in China. |
During the late Ming, Western missionaries introduced
Christianity and advanced sciences into China. Matteo Ricci,
an early Italian Jesuit missionary became highly influential
in the Ming court and became a close friend to the emperor.
The closing years of the Ming saw the rise of peasant
revolts. The largest of these revolts was led by Li Zicheng.
Though he managed to overthrow the Ming, he failed to unify
China. Manchu forces from China's northeast had begun to
encroach into the Ming's frontier and in 1644 they defeated
Li Zicheng's undisciplined forces in Beijing. Following their
victory in Beijing and founding the Qing dynasty, they began
a slow conquest of the remaining Ming forces. |
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| QING (1616-1911) |
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The Qing dynasty saw its heights of power under three
exceptional emperors: Kangxi, Yongzhen and Qianlong. Under
their rule, China saw huge advances in literature and military
technology. Because the Qing rulers weren't ethnic Han
Chinese, they imposed tight controls to maintain their
rule. However, the Qing had to work closely with Han Chinese
scholars and within the Confucian bureaucratic framework
to rule their empire effectively. The Qing emperors expanded
the frontiers of their empire and consolidated the borders
of what would become modern China.
Nevertheless, beneath the aura of splendor began a rot
that would destroy the  framework
of the empire. Overpopulation and rampant corruption created
instability. Population and economic pressures forced many
into poverty. With no future, many close to revolt.
Foreign encroachment from Western powers arrived a time
when the Qing dynasty was on the downward trend of the dynastic
cycle. In the 19th century, Britain began exporting opium
to china to reduce a trade imbalance that had arisen with
British demand for tea, silk and porcelain. China's wealth
was drained as the nation became addicted to opium. The Qing
government's restrictions on the opium trade led to the first
Opium War in 1840. The Qing was thus forced to face modernity. |
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- China Circulation Tours Back |
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